White Dominance: (Social Postionality of Whiteness)
Consistent with social dominance theory, Whites in the colonized world established a set of legitimizing myths that characterized Indigenous people as infidels, heathens, savages, and uncivilized, thus deepening the divide of social postionality between themselves and those who they had designated as a negative reference group.

White hegemony soon became embedded in systems of privilege and penalty that further legitimized and exacerbated the subordinate position of the minimal group.

White dominance is not a relic of the past but continues to have a direct and deleterious influence in the lives of children today. It is also important to point out that many marginalized groups have experienced White Dominance in ways similar to Indigenous people.

Legitimizing Myths: Uses of force and discrimination can be disguised or made acceptable by compelling cultural ideologies, called legitimizing myths. Hierarchy-enhancing legitimizing myths help maintain or increase group based inequality, and hierarchy-attenuating legitimizing myths decrease group-based inequality and promote egalitarian relations among social groups.

Minimal or Negative Reference Group: All human beings are predisposed to form in-groups and out-groups and to respond to other beings based on these self-created and sometimes trivial distinctions i.e. “those people”. At times, “negative reference groups” accept the legitimacy of the hierarchal structure, thus internalizing their oppression by rationalizing to themselves their place in the scheme of things (Howard).

Methodologies of White Dominance:
Alienation
Bureaucracies
Disease
Drugs & Alcohol
Education
Land Theft
Religion
Warfare

Privilege and Penalty: Systems of social dominance are characterized by differential distribution of rewards and punishments to individuals not on the basis of individual worth but solely as a function of group membership i.e. white hegemony embedded in systems of privilege and penalty further legitimized and exacerbated the subordinate group

Social Dominance Theory:  Social dominance theory states that stable inequality among groups is maintained in part through the use of disproportionate force against minimal groups based on issues such as prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, racism, sexism, neoclassical elitism theory etc…

(See: Why We Can’t Teach What We Don’t Know by Gary Howard)